Compartmentalized Input–Output Organization of Lugaro Cells in the Cerebellar Cortex

Purkinje cells (PCs) are principal cerebellar neurons, and several classes of interneurons modulate their activity. Lugaro (LCs) one such inhibitory interneuron with distinctive cytology location, but still most enigmatic among neurons. Here we serendipitously produced a novel transgenic mouse line, where half Yellow Cameleon (YC)(+) in the cortex were judged to be LCs, YC(+) LCs estimated constitute one-third total LC populations. Neurochemically, two-thirds dually GABAergic/glycinergic, rest being GABAergic. Beneath PC layer, they extended sheet somatodendritic meshwork interconnected neighboring by adherens junctions, received various inputs from climbing fibers, mossy granule cell axons, recurrent Golgi serotonergic fibers. Intriguingly, elements individual preferentially within given compartment defined aldolase C expression. In turn, projected dense lattice ascending transverse axons molecular innervated layer (basket stellate cells) cells, not PCs. Of note, profusely targets compartment, while ran across compartments sparsely. This unique circuit configuration highlights that integrate excitatory, inhibitory, modulatory coming belonging that, as an interneuron-selective interneuron, can effectively disinhibit cortical activities compartment-dependent manner through inhibition selectively targeting PCs cells.